Wednesday, October 31, 2012

Consumers Desire Greater Control Over Their Electronic Health Information

Main Category: IT / Internet / E-mail
Also Included In: Medical Practice Management
Article Date: 12 Sep 2012 - 2:00 PDT

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Patients in New York, a state where patients must actively consent to having their data accessed through health information exchange, are generally supportive of the electronic sharing of health information and are willing to have their health information automatically stored in an HIE; however, they want to have control over the privacy and security of that information.

The telephone survey of 170 residents found more than two-thirds of people surveyed were willing to have their health information automatically stored in an HIE. Most respondents, however, wanted safeguards against unauthorized viewing of their information (86 percent). They also wanted to be able to see who has viewed their information (86 percent), to be able to stop electronic storage of their data (84 percent), to be able to stop all viewing (83 percent) and to be able to select which parts of their health information are shared (78 percent).

Among the approximately one-third of patients who were uncomfortable with automatic inclusion of their health information in an electronic database for HIE, 78 percent wished to approve all information explicitly, and most preferred restricting information by clinician (83 percent), visit (81 percent), or information type (88 percent).

The authors conclude that given the highly sensitive nature of health information and the consequences that can occur in the event of its disclosure, patient preferences around the storing and sharing of electronic health information should be considered when developing and implementing systems, standards and policies. They advocate for consent policies that allow consumers to control what, by whom and for how long their health information can be accessed.

"Health Care Consumers' Preferences Around Health Information Exchange"
By Rina V. Dhopeshwarkar, MPH, et al
Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY

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'Consumers Desire Greater Control Over Their Electronic Health Information'

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Link Between Steroid Injection And Increased Risk Of Bone Fractures

Main Category: Back Pain
Also Included In: Bones / Orthopedics
Article Date: 26 Oct 2012 - 2:00 PDT

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Link Between Steroid Injection And Increased Risk Of Bone Fractures


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Patients treated with an epidural steroid injection for back pain relief are at increased risk of bone fractures in the spine, according to a Henry Ford Hospital study.

Researchers say the risk of fracture increased 29 percent with each steroid injection, a finding they believe raises patient safety concerns.

"For a patient population already at risk for bone fractures, steroid injections carry a greater risk that previously thought and actually pose a hazard to the bone," says Shlomo Mandel, M.D., a Henry Ford orthopedic physician and the study's lead author.

Dr. Mandel recommends that patients being treated with steroid injections be told about the risks associated with future fractures and undergo bone testing.

The study was accepted as a Best Paper presented at the annual meeting of the North American Spine Society in Dallas.

Bone fractures in the spine are the most common fracture in patients with osteoporosis, affecting an estimated 750,000 people annually. Roughly 40 percent of women aged 80 and older experience bone fractures in the spine.

Patients are typically treated with anti-inflammatory drugs and physical therapy. If symptoms persist, an epidural steroid is often prescribed to alleviate pain and improve function. However, steroid use has been linked to diminished bone quality.

In a retrospective study, researchers compared data of 6,000 patients treated for back pain between 2007 and 2010 - 3,000 patients who received at least one steroid injection and 3,000 patients who did not receive injection. The average age of patients was 66 years, and 3,840 were women and 2,160 were men. Researchers also analyzed the incidence of bone fractures in each group. Using the survival analysis technique, researchers found that the number of steroid injections is linked with an increased likelihood of fracture.

Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Click 'references' tab above for source.
Visit our back pain section for the latest news on this subject.
The study was funded by Henry Ford Hospital.
Henry Ford did not use the steroid injection medication at the center of the meningitis outbreak.
Henry Ford Health System
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Have Patience

posted by Bill Yancey on 27 Oct 2012 at 5:43 am

A lot of unnecessary low back pain treatment happens because patients are not patient. They expect an instant cure, pill or injection. Unfortunately, the medical system in the US has become a big business and is more interested in making money than telling patients what they really need to know. Back pain is common. The treatment for acute back pain is as follows:

First, your back needs a period of rest. A short period of bed rest is in order.
Second, get some pain relief with an over-the-counter medication.
Third, place some ice on the areas that hurt.
Fourth, after the bed rest and pain medicine have begun to give you some pain relief, and as soon as you notice any improvement, get moving.
Fifth, address muscle spasm with rest, massage, and/or heat.
Sixth, give your body a chance to heal. Takes 2-12 weeks.
Seventh, gradually resume normal activities.
Eighth, gradually strengthen your back. Some exercises will make it better; some will make it worse. Find out which are which. Don't start them, yet. You have a couple weeks to figure out the difference.
Ninth, eventually increase flexibility once the pain has resolved. Don’t overdo it.

IF there is no improvement after two months, or there are progressive neurological deficits or intractable pain, then other treatments MAY be warranted. Steroid injections are statistically no better than other forms of placebos, such as:

1. Any form of traction, including VAX-D, DRS, DRX, Inversion Therapy, Lordex, etc.
2. Trigger point injections.
3. Facet injections.
4. Sacro-iliac injections.
5. Acupuncture
6. Paleo (or any other fad) diet
7. Magnetic Therapy (of any type)
8. Prolotherapy
9. Reflexology
10. Over the counter nutritional supplements
11. Qigong
12. Cupping

Surgery is not indicated in 90-95% of cases. The surgeon needs to make a real case that he understands the cause of the pain and that the pain will go away with the surgery. There is a lot more info on my blog if you are interested.

Bill Yancey, MD

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'Link Between Steroid Injection And Increased Risk Of Bone Fractures'

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Exercise Benefits Brain In Middle Age

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Main Category: Obesity / Weight Loss / Fitness
Also Included In: Cardiovascular / Cardiology;  Sports Medicine / Fitness;  Neurology / Neuroscience
Article Date: 29 Oct 2012 - 5:00 PDT

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Gym-style exercise may improve not only general health in middle age, but also brain function, according to new research presented at the Canadian Cardiovascular Congress that is taking place in Toronto from 27 to 31 October.

The study, conducted by the Montreal Heart Institute (MHI), with the University of Montreal, and the Montreal Geriatric University Institute, found that cognitive ability improved significantly in a group of six middle-aged people with increased cardiovascular risk who followed a four-month program of high intensity interval training combined with resistance training.

High Intensity Interval Training

High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) or High Intensity Training (HIT), is a form of exercise where you do a number of shorts bursts of intense and effortful activity alternating with short, less effortful work, such as a series of 30-second sprints with 30 seconds of walking or jogging in between.

It is not a new idea, but has come to prominence in recent years as more researchers have looked into and measured its health benefits. It came under the media spotlight in the UK in February 2012, when medical journalist Michael Mosley appeared in a TV program, where he tried a form of high intensity interval training and was pleasantly surprised by the results.

There are various forms of HIIT, depending on the intensity and duration of the effortful bursts, and fitness goals.

The Study

In this study the HIIT training the participants underwent alternated between short periods of low and high intensity aerobic exercise on stationary bicycles.

For four months, they had twice-weekly sessions of high intensity interval training combined with twice-weekly resistance training.

One of the researchers, Anil Nigam, chief of clinical care at MHI and also of the University of Montreal, says in a statement they worked with six middle-aged people who followed this program.

All six participants were overweight (their BMI was between 28 and 31) and had one or more cardiovascular risk factors. BMI is short for Body Mass Index, a measure of obesity that equals a person's weight in kilos divided by the square of their height in meters (BMI over 30 is considered obese, 25 to 30 is overweight).

Nigam explains the range of physical and mental measurements the participants underwent:

"Our participants underwent a battery of cognitive, biological and physiological tests before the program began in order to determine their cognitive functions, body composition, cardiovascular risk, brain oxygenation during exercise and maximal aerobic capacity."

The cognitive tests covered a range of memory and thinking exercises, such as remembering pairs of numbers and symbols.

Brain Oxygen

Using very sensitive instruments, the researchers also looked at how the participants' brains used oxygen while they exercised or did the mental tests. The instruments, which rely on near-infra red spectroscopy (NIRS), can detect minute changes in the volume and oxygenation of blood in the brain.

"Cognitive function, VO2max and brain oxygenation during exercise testing revealed that the participants' cognitive functions had greatly improved thanks to the exercise," says Nigam.

VO2max is a measure of the body's ability to take in, transport, and use oxygen during physical exertion. It also affects the body's ability to provide the brain with oxygen, which in turn impacts cognitive function.

At the end of the program, the participants also had smaller waists and less fat mass around the trunk of the body.

"We also found that their VO2max, insulin sensitivity had increased significantly, in tandem with their score on the cognitive tests and the oxygenation signals in the brain during exercise," says Nigam.

The study, which was funded by the ÉPIC Centre and Montreal Heart Institute Foundations, appears to support other recent research on the effect of exercise on the brain. Earlier this month, scientists at the University of Edinburgh reported that exercise may protect aging brains better than mental or leisure pursuits.

Written by Catharine Paddock PhD
Copyright: Medical News Today
Not to be reproduced without permission of Medical News Today

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Mouse Model Shows Risk For Asthma, Allergies May Improve Fight Against Skin Cancer

Main Category: Allergy
Also Included In: Melanoma / Skin Cancer;  Respiratory / Asthma
Article Date: 17 Oct 2012 - 0:00 PDT

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A molecule involved in asthma and allergies has now been shown to make mice resistant to skin cancer, according to scientists at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis.

The molecule, called TSLP (thymic stromal lymphopoietin), is produced by damaged skin and activates the immune system. Chronic low levels of TSLP are suspected in making the immune system oversensitive to what should be a harmless environment, leading to the skin rashes and overproduction of mucus common in allergies and asthma.

"But at extremely high levels, TSLP appears to train the immune system to recognize skin cancer cells, and target those cells for elimination," says Raphael Kopan, PhD, the Alan A. and Edith L. Wolff Professor of Developmental Biology. "These experiments demonstrate that there is a way for a natural molecule to help immune cells recognize and reject tumors, at least in the skin."

The study appears online in Cancer Cell.

These findings are surprising because most current evidence suggests that the allergic inflammation and release of TSLP increases -- not decreases -- the risk of tumor development.

The disparity may be explained by the amount of TSLP that is produced. The mice that were resistant to skin tumor growth had blood levels of TSLP that were 1,000-fold higher than normal. And levels in the skin -- where it is made -- may be even higher.

"This is an example of where hyper-vigilance of the immune system may end up paying dividends," Kopan says. "Not only does it respond aggressively to an innocuous allergen, but it begins to monitor, survey and destroy cells that are mutant."

The results are supported by another study in the same issue of Cancer Cell also showing TSLP prevents skin cancer in mice.

For Kopan's group, the new research is the culmination of work that began more than six years ago. He and then graduate student Shadmehr Demehri, MD, PhD, wanted to investigate the defects found in mice born without a certain signaling protein in the skin. The protein, called Notch, is vital in properly forming many of the body's tissues, including skin.

Kopan calls it wonderful detective work, beginning with linking TSLP produced in the Notch-deficient skin with asthma. That study was published in PLoS Biology in 2009. And though they couldn't explain it at the time, they saw that many of these animals appeared to be immune to skin cancer.

"We were just trying to understand what was going on with our mice," Kopan says. "We did not set out to find a way to stimulate the immune system to eradicate tumors. But it's often the unexpected observations that lead to practical outcomes."

Since the mice expressed elevated levels of TSLP for genetic reasons related to abnormal Notch signaling, Kopan, Demehri and their colleagues asked whether TSLP would likewise protect normal mice from skin cancer. They tested a drug called Calcipotriol that dermatologists prescribe to treat psoriasis. Calcipotriol is considered a vitamin D "mimic" and is known to cause the skin to produce TSLP.

The researchers found that applying Calcipotriol to the skin of normal, healthy mice protected them from developing skin tumors when exposed to cancer-causing agents. In addition, they saw that existing skin tumors in otherwise normal mice shrank when Calcipotriol was applied.

"We already have treatments in clinical practice, often for other conditions, that induce the skin to produce TSLP," says Demehri, now a dermatology resident who treats patients at Barnes-Jewish Hospital. "So the next step is to find out if these topical drugs will be helpful in treating pre-cancerous skin lesions in humans."

Kopan stresses that more work must be done to fully understand the role of TSLP in skin cancer. In particular, these short-term studies were limited to the skin of mice and could not completely explain why Calcipotriol protected the healthy mice from skin cancer.

"In the Calcipotriol experiments, we have not fully separated whether the drug's beneficial effects are due to the production of TSLP, or the fact that the drug mimics vitamin D," Kopan says.

According to Kopan, future studies will also investigate whether TSLP might have similar effects on other types of cancer.

Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Click 'references' tab above for source.
Visit our allergy section for the latest news on this subject.
Demehri S, Turkoz A, Manivasagam S, Yockey LJ, Turkoz M, Kopan R. Elevated epidermal thymic stromal lymphopoietin levels establish an anti-tumor environment in the skin. Cancer Cell. Online Oct. 15, 2012.

Di Piazza M, Nowell C, Koch U, Durham A-D, Radtke F. Loss of cutaneous TSLP dependent immune responses skews the balance of inflammation from tumor-protective to tumor-promoting. Cancer Cell. Online Oct. 15, 2012.

Demehri S, Morimoto M, Holtzman MJ, Kopan R. Skin-derived TSLP triggers progression from epidermal-barrier defects to asthma. PLoS Biology. May 19, 2009.

The work was supported by grants from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM55479-16), the American Asthma Foundation and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (2 U19 AI070489-09 and P30 CA091842).

Washington University School of Medicine

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Are Schizophrenia And Autism Related?

Editor's Choice
Main Category: Schizophrenia
Also Included In: Autism;  Genetics
Article Date: 24 Oct 2012 - 0:00 PDT

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Are Schizophrenia And Autism Related?


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At first glance, it seems like schizophrenia and autism are completely different , but a new discovery shows us that they have similar roots, linked with other mental illnesses such as bipolar disorder. Comparable traits are seen in both disorders, including a limited ability to lead a normal life and function in the real world, as well as social and cognitive dysfunction.

New research by Dr. Mark Weiser of Tel Aviv University's Sackler Faculty of Medicine and the Sheba Medical Center has revealed a genetic connection between these two autism and schizophrenia, causing an elevated risk within families.

Weiser and his team examined extensive databases in Israel and Sweden and found that people with a schizophrenic sibling are 12 times more likely to have autism than those without schizophrenia in the family.

People that had a sibling with bipolar disorder showed a similar relationship, but to a minor degree.

Researchers used three data sets to measure the familial association between autism and schizophrenia. The Israeli database contained anonymous information about more than a million soldiers, including patients with schizophrenia and autism.

The authors noted that the same results were found in all three sets of data, making these findings extremely significant.

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), which includes autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorder, and Asperger Syndrome, are represented by repetitive behaviors, or difficulty with social communication and interaction. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Management says one in 88 children in the US fall on the Autism spectrum, a distressing jump in the previous four decades.

A previous study suggested a genetic link between autism and schizophrenia and will use that idea to study mice with these genetic mutations.Their effort will see how effective a combination of medications used to treat both disorders could be.

Published in the Archives of General Psychiatry, the results of this particular study provide new insight on the genetics of these stressful disorders. The authors believe these results will aid scientists in better understanding the genetics of mental illness.

Dr. Weiser says, "understanding the genetic connection could be a missing link", and encourages a novel direction for future studies. His team plans to build on this research by heading in the clinical direction.

Written by Kelly Fitzgerald
Copyright: Medical News Today
Not to be reproduced without permission of Medical News Today

Visit our schizophrenia section for the latest news on this subject.
"Family History of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder as Risk Factors for Autism"
Patrick F. Sullivan, MD, FRANZCP; Cecilia Magnusson, MD, PhD; Abraham Reichenberg, PhD; Marcus Boman, BS; Christina Dalman, MD, PhD; Michael Davidson, MD; Eyal Fruchter, MD; Christina M. Hultman, PhD; Michael Lundberg, MPH; Niklas LĂ¥ngström, MD, PhD; Mark Weiser, MD; Anna C. Svensson, PhD; Paul Lichtenstein, PhD
Archives of General Psychiatry, October 2012, doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2012.730
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For Drugs That Promote Bone Growth, Protein Could Be Key

Main Category: Arthritis / Rheumatology
Also Included In: Immune System / Vaccines;  Bones / Orthopedics
Article Date: 17 Oct 2012 - 0:00 PDT

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For Drugs That Promote Bone Growth, Protein Could Be Key


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Georgia Health Sciences University researchers have developed a mouse that errs on the side of making bone rather than fat, which could eventually lead to better drugs to treat inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Drugs commonly used to treat those types of conditions - called glucocorticoids - work by turning down the body's anti-inflammatory response, but simultaneously turn on other pathways that lead to bone loss. The result can lead to osteoporosis and an accumulation of marrow fat, says Dr. Xingming Shi, bone biologist at the GHSU Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics.

The key to the body developing bone instead of fat, a small protein called GILZ, was shown in cell cultures in 2008. Now, with work by GHSU Graduate Student Guodong Pan, the work has been replicated in an animal model. Pan received the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research's Young Investigator Award for his work at the society's annual meeting in Minneapolis.

Bone and marrow fat come from the same biological precursor - mesynchymal stem cells. "The pathways for bone and fat have a reciprocal relationship, so we needed to find the key that disrupts the fat production pathway, which would then instead encourage bone growth," Shi says.

GILZ, Shi and Pan say, was already a known mediator of the anti-inflammatory response of glucocorticoids, and the protein also mediates bone production. Shi's early research had shown that glucocorticoids enhance bone formation in the lab because of a short "burst" of GILZ.

The protein works by inhibiting the way cells regulate fat production and turn on fat-producing genes, Shi says. "When you permanently express GILZ, the fat pathway is suppressed, so the body chooses to produce bone instead."

"We found that when we overexpressed the protein in these mice, it increased bone formation," Pan added. "This supports our original hypothesis that GILZ mediates the body's response to glucocorticoids and encourages bone growth." In fact, the genetically modified mice showed a significant increase in bone mineral density and bone volume as well, he found.

"That means GILZ is a potential new anti-inflammatory drug candidate that could spare people from the harmful effects associated with glucocorticoid therapy," Pan said

Long-term goals, Shi said, are developing the GILZ-like pill that is anti-inflammatory and protects or even increases bone production.

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Visit our arthritis / rheumatology section for the latest news on this subject.
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Migraines Hurt Your Head But Not Your Brain

Main Category: Headache / Migraine
Also Included In: Women's Health / Gynecology
Article Date: 14 Aug 2012 - 0:00 PDT

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Migraines currently affect about 20 percent of the female population, and while these headaches are common, there are many unanswered questions surrounding this complex disease. Previous studies have linked this disorder to an increased risk of stroke and structural brain lesions, but it has remained unclear whether migraines had other negative consequences such as dementia or cognitive decline. According to new research from Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), migraines are not associated with cognitive decline.

This study is published online by the British Medical Journal (BMJ). "Previous studies on migraines and cognitive decline were small and unable to identify a link between the two. Our study was large enough to draw the conclusion that migraines, while painful, are not strongly linked to cognitive decline," explained Pamela Rist ScD, a research fellow in the Division of Preventive Medicine at BWH, and lead author on this study.

The research team analyzed data from the Women's Health Study, a cohort of nearly 40,000 women, 45 years and older. In this study, researchers analyzed data from 6,349 women who provided information about migraine status at baseline and then participated in cognitive testing during follow-up. Participants were classified into four groups: no history of migraine, migraine with aura (transient neurology symptoms mostly of the visual field), migraine without aura, and past history of migraine. Cognitive testing was carried out in two year intervals up to three times.

"Compared with women with no history of migraine, those who experienced migraine with or without aura did not have significantly different rates of cognitive decline," explained Rist. "This is an important finding for both physicians and patients. Patients with migraine and their treating doctors should be reassured that migraine may not have long term consequences on cognitive function."

There is still a lot that is unknown about migraines. However this study offers promising evidence for patients and their treating physicians. More research needs to be done to understand the consequences of migraine on the brain and to establish strategies to influence the course of the disease in order to optimize treatment strategies.

Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Click 'references' tab above for source.
Visit our headache / migraine section for the latest news on this subject.
This research was supported by The Women's Health Study is supported by grants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-043851, HL-080467, HL-099355) and the National Cancer Institute (CA-47988). The cognitive substudy of the Women's Health Study was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Aging (AG-15933). PMR was supported by a training grant from the National Institute of Aging (AG-00158). TK is supported in part by a Chair of Excellence grant of the French National Research Agency (Agence Nationale de la Recherche, R09177DD).
Brigham and Women's Hospital
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Useless Info

posted by AnnieKat on 29 Aug 2012 at 12:16 pm

This is the most useless study I have yet come across. How is this supposed to help migraines? I can tell you that indeed there is memory loss, but I believe it's associated with taking triptans more than the migraine itself. There is NO cognitive decline whatsoever!!! What else you need to know? Now please work on something that will provide me with something useful...

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Good to know! Re: Reassuring after a lifetime of recurrent migraine

posted by Kit Wilson on 14 Aug 2012 at 8:22 pm

Reassuring after a lifetime of recurrent migraine. A lengthy hallucinatory bout this past week has had me worried, as I did experience a few days of reduced memory function and outright dizziness. However, recovery is now nearly complete!

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'Migraines Hurt Your Head But Not Your Brain'

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New Imaging Technique Could Provide Insight Into Psychiatric Disorders

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Main Category: Neurology / Neuroscience
Also Included In: Psychology / Psychiatry;  Autism
Article Date: 18 Oct 2012 - 11:00 PDT

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New Imaging Technique Could Provide Insight Into Psychiatric Disorders


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A new way to take images, monitoring how brain cells organize with each other to delegate certain behaviors, has been discovered by a team of neuroscientists and could potentially identify information on diseases like autism and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The new imaging technique, is based on the recognition of calcium ions in neurons, and could track the way brain circuits perform such functions, like detecting an odor or instigating movement.

Previous research has shown us that brain imaging can lead to detection of psychiatric disorders like autism. MEG machines have been used to analyze the magnetic fields of a children's brains.

Senior author Guoping Feng, and his associates, whose paper was published in Neuron, say:

"To understand psychiatric disorders we need to study animal models, and to find out what's happening in the brain when the animal is behaving abnormally. This is a very powerful tool that will really help us understand animal models of these diseases and study how the brain functions normally and in a diseased state."


All types of brain function need many different neurons in separate parts of the brain to exchange information with each other. They reach this communication by sending electrical signals, prompting an influx of calcium ions into active cells.

The researchers used dye that binds to calcium, to take images of the neural activity in neurons. Although the brain has thousands of cell types, each with their own function, the dye is absorbed by all cells, regardless of type, making it unachievable to identify calcium in specific cell types using this approach.

To bypass this problem, the MIT-lead research team made a calcium-imaging system that aims at specific cell types, using a a green fluorescent protein (GFP). GFP was first produced by Junichi Nakai of Saitama University in Japan, and became active when binding with calcium. Loren Looger of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, an author of the current paper, then modified the protein giving it a strong enough signal for use in living animals.

The investigators then genetically engineered mice to demonstrate this protein in a type of neuron know as pyramidal cells, by matching the gene with a regulatory DNA pattern that is only active in those cells.

Using two-photon microscopy to envision the cells at high speed and high resolution, the researchers were able to pinpoint pyramidal cells that are active while the brain is engaging in a certain task, or answering to a specific stimulus.

In this particular study, the authors were able to identify the cells in the somatosensory cortex that start working at the time a mouse's whiskers are touched, as well as olfactory cells that respond to certain smells.

The team is now developing mice that demonstrate the calcium-sensitive proteins, and also show symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder and autistic behavior. They will then use these mice to search for neuron firing cycles that differ from those of normal mice. This may assist in figuring out exactly what goes wrong at the cellular level, providing insight in physical terms about these diseases.

Feng says:

"Right now, we only know that defects in neuron-neuron communications play a key role in psychiatric disorders. We do not know the exact nature of the defects and the specific cell types involved. If we knew what cell types are abnormal, we could find ways to correct abnormal firing patterns."


The MIT team plans on collaborating their imaging technology with optogenetics, allowing them to use light, to turn on and off, certain classes of neurons.

By triggering certain cells and then watching the response in target cells, they can accurately chart brain circuits.

Written by Kelly Fitzgerald
Copyright: Medical News Today
Not to be reproduced without permission of Medical News Today

Visit our neurology / neuroscience section for the latest news on this subject.
"Imaging Neural Activity Using Thy1-GCaMP Transgenic Mice"
Qian Chen, Joseph Cichon, Wenting Wang, Li Qiu, Seok-Jin R. Lee, Nolan R. Campbell, Nicholas DeStefino, Michael J. Goard, Zhanyan Fu, Ryohei Yasuda, Loren L. Looger, Benjamin R. Arenkiel, Wen-Biao Gan, Guoping Feng
Neuron, October 2012, doi10.1016/j.neuron.2012.07.011
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28 Oct. 2012. <http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/251702.php>


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n.p. (2012, October 18). "New Imaging Technique Could Provide Insight Into Psychiatric Disorders." Medical News Today. Retrieved from
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'New Imaging Technique Could Provide Insight Into Psychiatric Disorders'

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Tuesday, October 30, 2012

Higher Levels Of Psychosomatic Symptoms Reported By Physically Abused Children

Main Category: Body Aches
Also Included In: Pediatrics / Children's Health;  Primary Care / General Practice
Article Date: 13 Feb 2012 - 1:00 PST

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Children who display multiple psychosomatic symptoms, such as regular aches and pains and sleep and appetite problems, are more than twice as likely to be experiencing physical abuse at home than children who do not display symptoms, according to a study in the March edition of Acta Paediatrica.

Swedish researchers who studied 2,510 children aged 10, 12 and 15 from 44 schools found a strong association between reported physical abuse and three or more psychosomatic symptoms. The association was highest in children who were physically abused and also witnessed intimate partner violence (IPV). However, there was no significant association between IPV on its own and multiple symptoms.

"The children were asked if they had experienced any of the following symptoms at least twice in the last month: stomach ache, headache, sleeplessness, dizziness, back pain and loss of appetite" explains co-author Professor Staffan Janson from the Division of Public Health Sciences at Karlstad University, Sweden.

"They were also asked about 13 common chronic conditions, bullying and school performance, to eliminate any other factors that could cause the symptoms, and about whether they had been physically abused and witnessed IPV at home."

The study sample was equally split between girls and boys, with approximately one third of the sample coming from each of the three age groups.

Key findings of the study included:

  • Most of the children were born in Sweden (89%) and living with both biological parents (74%). Just under half (42%) had at least one chronic condition, 10% had two chronic conditions and 4% had three or more.
  • One in six of the children (16%) had suffered physical abuse or witnessed IPV in the home - 9% reported just physical abuse, 4% reported IPV alone and 3% reported both.
  • Two-thirds of the children (66%) reported at least one psychosomatic symptom and just over a third of these children (35%) reported three symptoms or more.
  • The most common symptoms were headache (38%), sleeplessness (36%) and stomach ache (31%).
  • 86% of the children who reported that they were physically abused and had witnessed IPV at home reported at least one psychosomatic symptom, with 41% reporting three or more, compared with 17% of the non-abused children.
  • 82% of the children who reported physical abuse only reported at least one symptom, with 35% reporting three or more symptoms compared with 17% of the non-abused children.
  • There was no significant difference in the symptoms reported by children who did or did not report just IPV.
  • When confounding factors, such as chronic conditions, bullying and school performance were taken into account, the odds of a child suffering physical abuse, with or without IPV, was 112% higher (OR 2.12) than a child who was not being abused. When IPV was added into the equation, this rose to 171% higher (OR 2.71)
  • The odds for a child suffering physical abuse only was 72% higher (OR 1.72) and the odds for IPV only was 9% higher (OR 1.09).
  • Abused children with chronic conditions reported significantly more psychosomatic symptoms than abused children without chronic conditions.
"Our study demonstrates a clear association between high levels of psychosomatic symptoms and an increased risk of physical abuse" says Professor Janson. "The association was even stronger in abused children who also witnessed intimate partner violence at home.

"The findings suggest that healthcare professionals should consider the possibility of physical abuse if a child presents with three or more regular psychosomatic symptoms a month.

"However, it is also important that they rule out any confounding factors, such as chronic illness, bullying and school performance when assessing the child."

Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Click 'references' tab above for source.
Visit our body aches section for the latest news on this subject.
Multiple psychosomatic symptoms can indicate child physical abuse - results from a study of Swedish schoolchildren. Jernbro et al. Acta Paediatrica. 101, pp. 324-329. (March 2012). DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02518.x
Wiley-Blackwell
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Gender Differences In The Impact Of Autism

Main Category: Autism
Article Date: 19 Oct 2012 - 1:00 PDT

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Gender Differences In The Impact Of Autism


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Men and women with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) may show subtle but significant differences in the cognitive functions impacted by the condition, according to new research published by Meng-Chuan Lai and colleagues from the Autism Research Centre at the University of Cambridge, UK in the open access journal PLOS ONE.

Though individuals with autism show sex-specific differences in serum biomarkers, genetics and brain anatomy, little is known about any sex-dependent differences in cognition caused by ASC. Following their previous report* on behavioral sex differences in adults with ASC (also published in PLOS ONE, in this new study the researchers compared four aspects of cognition in adults with ASC to those with typical development. They found that perception of facial emotions was equally impaired across both sexes in individuals with ASC. In tasks involving attention to detail or dexterity requiring strategic thinking, women with ASC performed comparably to women without ASC, but men with ASC showed more difficulties than neurotypical men.

According to the authors, their results suggest that the severity with which certain cognitive functions are affected by autism may be dependent on sex, and has implications for assessment and intervention of ASC.

"What we know about males with ASC should not be assumed to generalize to females", said Dr. Lai. "Their similarities and differences need to be investigated systematically in autism research."

Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Click 'references' tab above for source.
Visit our autism section for the latest news on this subject.

*http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020835

Citation: Lai M-C, Lombardo MV, Ruigrok ANV, Chakrabarti B, Wheelwright SJ, et al. (2012) Cognition in Males and Females with Autism: Similarities and Differences. PLoS ONE 7(10): e47198. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047198

Financial Disclosure: The project was funded by the United Kingdom Medical Research Council (GO 400061, http://www.mrc.ac.uk/index.htm). MCL was supported by the Waterloo Foundation during the period of this study (921/1247, http://www.waterloofoundation.org.uk/index.html), MVL was supported by the Wellcome Trust and the British Academy, and SBC was supported by the Wellcome Trust. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Competing Interest Statement: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

URL: http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047198

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